拥有镜像才可创建容器
新建容器并启动
docker run [可选参数] image
# 参数说明
--name="Name" # 指定容器名称
-d # 后台方式运行
-it # 使用交互式方式运行 进入容器查看内容
-p # 指定容器的端口 -p 8080:8080
-p ip:主机端口:容器端口
-p 主机端口:容器端口(常用)
-p 容器端口
-P # 随机指定端口
# 启动 并进入容器
C:\Users\48358>docker run -it centos /bin/bash
[root@adf3bc332fe4 /]# # 查看容器内的centos
# 从容器中退回到主机
[root@adf3bc332fe4 /]# exit
exit
列出所有的运行的容器
docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
Options:
-a, --all 显示所有容器(默认显示正在运行)
-f, --filter filter 根据所提供的条件过滤输出
--format string 使用Go模板的漂亮打印容器
-n, --last int 显示最近创建的容器 (includes all states) (default -1)
-l, --latest 显示最新创建的容器 (includes all states)
--no-trunc 不换行输出
-q, --quiet 只显示容器ID
-s, --size 显示文件总大小
退出容器
exit # 退出容器并停止
Ctrl + P + Q # 容器退出不停止
删除容器
docker rm 容器id # 删除指定的容器 不能删除正在运行的容器 如果要强制删除 添加 -f
docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq) # 删除所有的容器
docker ps -a -q|xargs docker rm # 管道删除所有的容器
启动和停止容器的操作
docker start 容器id # 启动容器
docker restart 容器id # 重启容器
docker stop 容器id # 停止当前正在运行的容器
docker kill 容器id # 强制停止当前容器
常用其它命令
后台启动容器
# 命令 docker run -d 镜像名
docker run -d centos
d706798b2eb215c274e7e6c2a050ccd73a40cb39f1fffd24723282b0e74aeae1
# docker 容器使用后台运行 就必须要有一个前台进程 docker发现没有应用 就会自动停止
查看日志
docker logs -f -t --tail 10 容器ID
# 显示日志
-tf # 显示日志
--tail number # 要显示的日志条数
Options:
--details 显示日志的额外信息
-f, --follow 跟踪日志输出
--since string 显示自时间戳以来的日志(e.g.
2013-01-02T13:23:37Z) or relative (e.g. 42m for 42
minutes)
-n, --tail string 从文件的末尾显示的行数
(default "all")
-t, --timestamps 显示时间
--until string 显示在时间戳之前的日志(e.g.
2013-01-02T13:23:37Z) or relative (e.g. 42m for 42
minutes)
查看容器中进程信息 ps
# 命令 docker top 容器id
docker top 2daf0052c2f5
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 2020 1999 0 02:31 ? 00:00:00 /bin/sh -c while true;
查看容器元数据
# 命令 docker inspect 容器id
docker inspect 2daf0052c2f5
[
{
"Id": "2daf0052c2f5b5dbd2675291c184ea3fd417cba1e9efaa92f2963a03eab8933d",
"Created": "2022-03-22T02:31:55.7604498Z",
"Path": "/bin/sh",
"Args": [
"-c",
"while true;do echo kuangshen;sleep 1;done "
],
"State": {
"Status": "running",
"Running": true,
"Paused": false,
"Restarting": false,
"OOMKilled": false,
"Dead": false,
"Pid": 2020,
"ExitCode": 0,
"Error": "",
"StartedAt": "2022-03-22T02:31:56.189491161Z",
"FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
},
"Image": "sha256:5d0da3dc976460b72c77d94c8a1ad043720b0416bfc16c52c45d4847e53fadb6",
"ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/2daf0052c2f5b5dbd2675291c184ea3fd417cba1e9efaa92f2963a03eab8933d/resolv.conf",
"HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/2daf0052c2f5b5dbd2675291c184ea3fd417cba1e9efaa92f2963a03eab8933d/hostname",
"HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/2daf0052c2f5b5dbd2675291c184ea3fd417cba1e9efaa92f2963a03eab8933d/hosts",
"LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/2daf0052c2f5b5dbd2675291c184ea3fd417cba1e9efaa92f2963a03eab8933d/2daf0052c2f5b5dbd2675291c184ea3fd417cba1e9efaa92f2963a03eab8933d-json.log",
"Name": "/gallant_jang",
"RestartCount": 0,
"Driver": "overlay2",
"Platform": "linux",
"MountLabel": "",
"ProcessLabel": "",
"AppArmorProfile": "",
"ExecIDs": null,
"HostConfig": {
"Binds": null,
"ContainerIDFile": "",
"LogConfig": {
"Type": "json-file",
"Config": {}
},
"NetworkMode": "default",
"PortBindings": {},
"RestartPolicy": {
"Name": "no",
"MaximumRetryCount": 0
},
"AutoRemove": false,
"VolumeDriver": "",
"VolumesFrom": null,
"CapAdd": null,
"CapDrop": null,
"CgroupnsMode": "host",
"Dns": [],
"DnsOptions": [],
"DnsSearch": [],
"ExtraHosts": null,
"GroupAdd": null,
"IpcMode": "private",
"Cgroup": "",
"Links": null,
"OomScoreAdj": 0,
"PidMode": "",
"Privileged": false,
"PublishAllPorts": false,
"ReadonlyRootfs": false,
"SecurityOpt": null,
"UTSMode": "",
"UsernsMode": "",
"ShmSize": 67108864,
"Runtime": "runc",
"ConsoleSize": [
30,
111
],
"Isolation": "",
"CpuShares": 0,
"Memory": 0,
"NanoCpus": 0,
"CgroupParent": "",
"BlkioWeight": 0,
"BlkioWeightDevice": [],
"BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
"CpuPeriod": 0,
"CpuQuota": 0,
"CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
"CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
"CpusetCpus": "",
"CpusetMems": "",
"Devices": [],
"DeviceCgroupRules": null,
"DeviceRequests": null,
"KernelMemory": 0,
"KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
"MemoryReservation": 0,
"MemorySwap": 0,
"MemorySwappiness": null,
"OomKillDisable": false,
"PidsLimit": null,
"Ulimits": null,
"CpuCount": 0,
"CpuPercent": 0,
"IOMaximumIOps": 0,
"IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
"MaskedPaths": [
"/proc/asound",
"/proc/acpi",
"/proc/kcore",
"/proc/keys",
"/proc/latency_stats",
"/proc/timer_list",
"/proc/timer_stats",
"/proc/sched_debug",
"/proc/scsi",
"/sys/firmware"
],
"ReadonlyPaths": [
"/proc/bus",
"/proc/fs",
"/proc/irq",
"/proc/sys",
"/proc/sysrq-trigger"
]
},
"GraphDriver": {
"Data": {
"LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/55c2fbbe28ef67b490604646acc20cfe8e9dcdd3614e70d17532ec5ded6a6a76-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/7007a5df5924dab6a59a88560a58830d37ba41210867033ea6c7417f6f0e6558/diff",
"MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/55c2fbbe28ef67b490604646acc20cfe8e9dcdd3614e70d17532ec5ded6a6a76/merged",
"UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/55c2fbbe28ef67b490604646acc20cfe8e9dcdd3614e70d17532ec5ded6a6a76/diff",
"WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/55c2fbbe28ef67b490604646acc20cfe8e9dcdd3614e70d17532ec5ded6a6a76/work"
},
"Name": "overlay2"
},
"Mounts": [],
"Config": {
"Hostname": "2daf0052c2f5",
"Domainname": "",
"User": "",
"AttachStdin": false,
"AttachStdout": false,
"AttachStderr": false,
"Tty": false,
"OpenStdin": false,
"StdinOnce": false,
"Env": [
"PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
],
"Cmd": [
"/bin/sh",
"-c",
"while true;do echo kuangshen;sleep 1;done "
],
"Image": "centos",
"Volumes": null,
"WorkingDir": "",
"Entrypoint": null,
"OnBuild": null,
"Labels": {
"org.label-schema.build-date": "20210915",
"org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
"org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
"org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
"org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
}
},
"NetworkSettings": {
"Bridge": "",
"SandboxID": "0de6b4f02189a31bbbb713bb3319666187d6cd08f9c0cf629bfb224761ed00e5",
"HairpinMode": false,
"LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
"LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"Ports": {},
"SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/0de6b4f02189",
"SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
"SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
"EndpointID": "4d1735d2184da3c647d9d6096c7d4808e040fc013237c67fac75cc7370fb9e43",
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
"Networks": {
"bridge": {
"IPAMConfig": null,
"Links": null,
"Aliases": null,
"NetworkID": "9ab364c7b94bb33daff9dbad15cae1df845ab4236ef663a711dd0367887e6646",
"EndpointID": "4d1735d2184da3c647d9d6096c7d4808e040fc013237c67fac75cc7370fb9e43",
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
"DriverOpts": null
}
}
}
}
]
进入当前正在运行的容器
# 使用场景：通常容器都是使用后台方式运行的，需要进入容器，修改一些配置
# 方式一
docker exec -it 容器id /bin/bash
# 测试使用
docker exec -it 2daf0052c2f5 /bin/bash
# 方式二
docker attach 容器id
# 测试使用
docker attach 2daf0052c2f5
# docker exec # 进入容器后开启一个新的终端，可以在里面操作
# docker attach # 进入容器正在执行的终端 不会启动新的进程
从容器内拷贝文件到主机上
docker cp 容器id:容器路径 目的地主机路径
# 测试使用
docker cp 9f45b42fae05:/home/test.java E:\